一、名词
名词是用来表示人、事物、地点的词,在词典中标记为n.。基本分类如下。
1. 专有名词
专有名词表示特定的人、事物、机构、地点、时间等。一般情况下,首字母需要大写,并且前面不要加the。
记忆小窍门:Bill Gates came to China and visited Palace Museum last year. 比尔·盖茨去年来中国,并参观了故宫。
常见的专有名词
人名:Bob鲍勃,Jane简,Bill Gates比尔·盖茨,Yao Ming姚明
国家名:China中国,New Zealand新西兰,the United States美国
地名:New York纽约,Beijing北京,Guangzhou广州,the Great Wall长城
机构及组织名:the United Nations联合国,Beijing University北京大学
2. 可数名词
普通名词根据是否可按照个数进行计数分为可数名词和不可数名词。顾名思义,可数名词可以一个个地数,例如apple, girl等。(注意:英语里可数的概念和汉语的概念不完全相同。)可数名词又可分为个体名词和集体名词。个体名词即一类人或物中的个体,如student, girl,集体名词即一类人或物的总称,如team, class, family等。
可数名词既然可以数,那么就有单数(一个)和复数(多个)的区别。可数名词单数变复数的常见方法有
注意
① 辅音字母加y结尾的名词,y变i加es变复数的名词
记忆小窍门:Families hold parties for ladies and babies in some cities and countries. 一些城市和国家,为了女士和娃娃,家家都在开趴!
② f或fe结尾的名词,f或fe变v加es的名词
记忆小窍门一:Three thieves take the wolves’lives with some knives. Their wives put the dead wolves and leaves on the shelves. 三个小偷用刀子结束了狼群的生命。他们的妻子把死狼和叶子放在架子上。
记忆小窍门二:小偷妻子自己杀狼,叶形刀子砍两半,一半放在架子上!
③ 不规则名词复数的记忆小窍门:鹿鹿鱼羊不变,男人女人的脚丫,白鹅老鼠的大牙,公牛单挑娃娃。
3. 不可数名词
不可数名词即不能一个个数的名词。包括物质名词和抽象名词。
注意
不可数名词不要用表示“一个”的不定冠词a或an修饰。可以使用量词修饰,还可以用a little(一点),some(一些),a lot of/lots of(很多)来修饰。
4. 名词所有格
名词所有格表示从属关系,其结构为
名词练习
答案
1. 选择最合适的答案。
(1) There are seven ______ in a week.
A. day
B. days
C. daies
D. daves
(2) My sister eats one sandwich every day, but my brother eats two ______ every day.
A. sandwich
B. sandwichs
C. sandwiches
D. sandwichves
(3) In the football game, I lost two ______.
A. tooths
B. toothes
C. tooth
D. teeth
(4) Mum, can I have ______ water?
A. a
B. an
C. many
D. a bottle of
(5) I saw a mouse in my house and my sister saw three ______ in her house.
A. mouse
B. mouses
C. mouives
D. mice
2. 根据括号内的单词填空。
(1) There is one beach in this town and two ______ in that town. (beach)
(2) I have a box now, but I need three ______. (box)
(3) The little girl asked for a kiss and her mother gave her two ______.(kiss)
(4) There is a party this month and three ______ next month. (party)
(5) Would you please buy a ______ salt in the supermarket? (bag/bottle)