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2 钢铁材料的分类及技术条件
2.1 一般用钢
碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 700—2006)
表3-1-5 碳素结构钢的化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00029002.jpg?sign=1739680471-5Rf5DDm5V1zhVvOqmLRm96PHRlABQUKQ-0-4a156b8771d3ab0dbd32f110f4d72947)
注:1.本标准适用于一般交货状态(钢材一般以热轧、控轧或正火状态交货),通常用于焊接、铆接、栓接工程构件用热轧钢板、钢带、型钢和棒钢。
2.经需方同意,Q235B的含碳量可不大于0.22%。
3.在保证钢材力学性能符合本标准的情况下,各牌号A级钢的碳、锰、硅含量可不作为交货条件,但应在质量证明书中注明其含量。
4.镇静钢脱氧完全,性能较半镇静钢和沸腾钢优良。沸腾钢脱氧不完全,化学成分不均匀,内部杂质较多,耐腐蚀性和机械强度较差,冲击韧度较低,冷脆倾向及时效敏感较大,不适于在高冲击负荷和低温下工作,但成材率高,成本低,没有集中缩孔,表面质量及深冲性能好,一般结构可大量采用。新标准取消半镇静钢。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00030001.jpg?sign=1739680471-4B1GSBX3QP4JV22dhCJ8VWakVlbloK2q-0-f8db643df54da59666f469fe2bd29347)
优质碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 699—1999)和锻件用碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00031001.jpg?sign=1739680471-lYoT49dcpIKGiTTlCzYpqGTwYnM7oRG1-0-7302cfa829c768b90a817945e57418ce)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00032001.jpg?sign=1739680471-sdi8rXJkgzNSXATjF0OdBpqEFWHE7nNJ-0-9a8f14bc42bc85b576de8613ec1eef56)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00033001.jpg?sign=1739680471-1AM3VvSTBhZrfkEU2xWxCTSiKJ5IVjb0-0-0e0703fb0eb525828bcc800c4f5ab36e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00034001.jpg?sign=1739680471-fBBdZm4J44rLg5HukMaVIiUqiWs9WGJP-0-00036255aec490c6a4781926db67ee42)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00035001.jpg?sign=1739680471-q5WR7Bj2KyuoL7v2470bhUrrxZP2k2Rt-0-5a48f4a7bd2dfaa29c2db353c50715b2)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00036001.jpg?sign=1739680471-TpSVGFH727imcNqcJiScE60Sj0BT8YJ4-0-403c991990a473bf773c19c0f728b532)
低合金高强度结构钢(摘自1591—2008)
表3-1-8 化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00037001.jpg?sign=1739680471-aUZl9qMmcy2budzb9CPxNjxzJVmedJ2O-0-7d071afc7981d0451b113bcae589479d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00038001.jpg?sign=1739680471-8Wvf2Gdxr7obBNo59Bu7CCy8x1L03BC7-0-5c538ab2d3110588056c02385198e584)
合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 3077—1999)和锻件用合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00039001.jpg?sign=1739680471-6tBHZy8lmIoE9jthUDAuAGjNlECKrCpG-0-864937ba57172ff682b1b9513e83664d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00040001.jpg?sign=1739680471-qdKAKCFwnE5y469GUT2tFgr90UMLxG1G-0-6c2d6cbabb4779506fa6cb7efb625479)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00041001.jpg?sign=1739680471-Seh9VfIh2hBXukMEE3vScIlg1BL3kpPT-0-eab86acec35d064e59f4911a6c68d971)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00042001.jpg?sign=1739680471-0hWEr8jXB5Kjj7hxzLpifPlXHpOazhFe-0-a12efc6f934e6864da29c231d0677464)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00043001.jpg?sign=1739680471-tZgdrQPBoAj0tOK2qkRfk65LXwm0mFFQ-0-7e2ac607de81694ff1a8a3df35843f07)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00044001.jpg?sign=1739680471-HwDUGrmZb9jguBuFP39KYI3yGXK4jOHI-0-68e9a0d726a1e758df8a6817915cd0a3)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00045001.jpg?sign=1739680471-uPzcQ0IH922AysK3Ne55Ei9kveaxPUAR-0-b298107b5af27180a7c4cba382c3355d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00046001.jpg?sign=1739680471-8JOK0NKJxzahPehvpi0SfUxpuTDx7sQU-0-9ea6d65572c11b458345cc5d5a8f28e3)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00047001.jpg?sign=1739680471-LtSK6HEUBxu0MPzLI5VisMHEdOMT83z6-0-893ba27c02db3e16c00c01d73370673b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00048001.jpg?sign=1739680471-tu9WbFLNnYvEvYc2jGsoWwcN7BLjIwUE-0-7201bb0c4400e631e59e8900106780a8)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00049001.jpg?sign=1739680471-asHZMPHRQ7P3A1GccTfivtAOlgvFSwja-0-4d93603e0f90509ff71f1a36832a0641)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00050001.jpg?sign=1739680471-1V6qDjkYKJLCnHuJ52G5h1IZm12hU0h4-0-fe34ef76ac445ba2ba3907523cfe75e0)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00051001.jpg?sign=1739680471-K62kRZTIWBEtaK1yeLAZJqfwnbw5GsK8-0-6691f774ed4e3363ca51a41586f72f20)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00052001.jpg?sign=1739680471-AfvD7NZ0EIqHBnQvTdBQXDLg3SgQ3fER-0-8ef2641375e9eaf7fd26905acba958a2)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00053001.jpg?sign=1739680471-nBzH6cv8X5lXtiW5QOF1Yms8N9ol1XaL-0-cb1c1d8c8c65374f699a216640d99927)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00054001.jpg?sign=1739680471-CYo9Xp5O8uog4uRRWzLioj5pBNwdM9Zy-0-357fc0f2dd0b7bd94b14ad22d081b6ec)
弹簧钢及轴承钢(摘自GB/T 1222—2007、GB/T 18254—2002)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00055001.jpg?sign=1739680471-FFbkNTkFpnYFhJ2j2GdqGDLZ9NV8HyQG-0-3e822cc6c1f7eec98e14be54a75dc95f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00056001.jpg?sign=1739680471-UwKR1xSmN1nVxb7kUo4aNrW8YtzovJPb-0-c792ab5cac0eb8ab2034644767d94afd)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00057001.jpg?sign=1739680471-8pHNOvXg4929B8wYnWRO3jGaoP8mBXyc-0-522052de5d671b70bb67c22076c5c263)
不锈钢耐热钢(摘自GB/T 1220—2007、GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00058001.jpg?sign=1739680471-VhStO5pvE4nFiVflRj6dpTaR1bw6wu81-0-42972aaa19df362d1b75424e2f3b32eb)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00059001.jpg?sign=1739680471-MCx1UDsgzOZU4iKruuAJ1Yl5Yo3Axcse-0-0fd9fe36ec795f80850d42ec59d6bda8)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00060001.jpg?sign=1739680471-jgwKpGfeoUuFLvaJN9V8DwMOOMGEnO2Z-0-8197e98fac478c3af598559c4c09115a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00061001.jpg?sign=1739680471-Od7NmfuJBSX5Vyahi2wqIs7pTI35WYB1-0-38431f6bdef40fab5463188a7fafeaf0)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00062001.jpg?sign=1739680471-nHxH03DJDUI2jzxD3wA8aZ0DZsuyhDDK-0-e67ebc99659856341e40e9d19cff87b1)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00063001.jpg?sign=1739680471-IvzX9TxzcrmG9smS13tNwOBsebKqVcAd-0-06dd76e82d8fda14f80a8f532096c766)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00064001.jpg?sign=1739680471-BvLxbboQ6yZGOpTzTIHpNKVsvFRdBP8q-0-3926f21a8f96fcb8933d1eaa2ebed650)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00065001.jpg?sign=1739680471-8LMDEIFqG1hSlM0L8lc6X5Nr0nbPgbPA-0-4312371975693d4f35a8a5184fd3cc9e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00066001.jpg?sign=1739680471-drOEKSfv4oEXHMcXGj8ciGXkFFg6DGiI-0-c8e8e821dcee569e529fdcefc1659ec4)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00067001.jpg?sign=1739680471-CFtb8aPMU2x98not49OUD0ZSWw0OjmZv-0-780f74b604076fbfa77d3e1aa27f51c8)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00068001.jpg?sign=1739680471-dVEbYT41MamIOlELe4VhG6VFSJdt9rhC-0-4685d531a1cb18a82c4b4403ef9707bc)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00069001.jpg?sign=1739680471-PxFu7Gj8PpvuyNDHLf6rMNKRyieuTjKV-0-8c5c51d7f1d701e4b925e56a8207102e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00070001.jpg?sign=1739680471-UjAePihZ13pHvpdGLWdzpSVXL6W2yhKk-0-c9dfd2447682bf429e7dc6da558549e8)
表3-1-17 沉淀硬化耐热钢的化学成分和力学性能(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071001.jpg?sign=1739680471-3m64TpxRNSoz9qt7zpv5vYcPBNIxa66W-0-dcbf6bd6943fac85aba0bdbccca8a3b7)
注:见表3-1-15表注。
表3-1-18 耐热钢的特性和用途(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071002.jpg?sign=1739680471-diNJpe2odCNt1WG8iCl697sqAsjjZ856-0-df9c0e009d03c8071549c8871297fea4)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00072001.jpg?sign=1739680471-6FmZj46sYoN8jPSTSoEqtZMBOzyuDJv6-0-6d6c1f55b323678e91978ac90497dd54)
注:1.与本表对应的新钢号见表3-1-15和表3-1-16。
2.GB/T 1221—2007中新增加的马氏体型钢17Cr16Ni2、45Cr9Si3及沉淀硬化型钢06Cr15Ni25Ti2MoAlVB未编入表中。
大型不锈、耐酸、耐热钢锻件的化学成分和力学性能(摘自JB/T 6398—2006)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00073001.jpg?sign=1739680471-KhtiK43fsq7VGoK0JlxTxN2Uip0t7R5g-0-2192a8f3d884722ff41a39e6b97dfe5d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00074001.jpg?sign=1739680471-gl7Mc0iidZ2plSLYoSmC0cjK30s4TsXi-0-bb334497f951b09c77e68e30db201814)
工具钢(摘自GB/T 1298—2008、GB/T 1299—2000)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00075001.jpg?sign=1739680471-pSo55y1MC8EPh75H9biLn0ntgvOx7Ptj-0-b5152149c8a5dd17c2e9732623801700)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00076001.jpg?sign=1739680471-hs11P0K3HuUHetycfHZOUaCOSc0XToKC-0-80e6d108b9c098dc4d24f6241a5a9d17)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00077001.jpg?sign=1739680471-b8Q3ZEyY1QRj1tZHE5BOkgIRakdluEXM-0-8d2044e70adb5fd86131ec69205255a9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00078001.jpg?sign=1739680471-Z9xDJxSRZvJeHXDeiKr7TbLYvIilvGN1-0-632a999309abbe8fa364679705e3db81)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00079001.jpg?sign=1739680471-HRXpzShSOd5qKW59UBn5N8nvEJuhsY1G-0-beb2e9632cc6a9d62ebe8a7bdbf16431)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00080001.jpg?sign=1739680471-bfnB7rLT7BXkTnWbprNTvNr0Izd7Fxot-0-9162487346285b38a91a1835d7365f03)
耐候结构钢(摘自GB/T 4171—2008)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00081001.jpg?sign=1739680471-4GLzb1hoCT1BrjDMTxOr7DmpmPtWn9P3-0-e909b81e8dc287fb965399c0bf5ba76e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00082001.jpg?sign=1739680471-1jXVrMoEzSVaW3HA4pYFrrZJ1lE4btuY-0-84efbff05859605907d12b05709aa93b)
大型轧辊件用钢(摘自JB/T 6401—1992)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00083001.jpg?sign=1739680471-d0ryCv7EXoitTzH92wbUEtbt0PpvBbQy-0-420715c4e58ec6ebd81cee064b8eb09d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00084001.jpg?sign=1739680471-5n8fphN31SwtP2gq9kwHMjfSUcVDEknU-0-212140678f2e0b95c539125797c7d687)